学术讲座
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272023-09学术沙龙（10月9日）报告题目：Meteorite in – Dino’ s out. The impact of impact: Last updates from IODP-ICDP 364 Chicxulub drilling （陨石撞击与恐龙灭绝：来自IODP-ICDP 364 Chicxulub钻探的最新研究）报告人：Philippe Claeys 教授报告人单位：Vrije Universiteit Brussel（布鲁塞尔自由大学）报告时间：2023年10月9日（周一） 9:30报告地点：图书馆三楼报告厅主办：国家重点实验室、科技处、综合处、人教处、青促会
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262023-09安全讲座（9月26日）强化安全意识，落实安全责任
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142023-09科研诚信报告（9月20日）
报告题目：信心·能力·路径，守好诚信底线，走好学术生涯每一步
报告人：侯兴宇 主任
报告人单位：中国科学院监督与审计局科研诚信与伦理办公室 科研诚信与负责任创新专委会
报告时间：2023年9月20日（周三） 下午2:00
报告地点：图书馆三楼报告厅
主办：科技处、党群处、人教处、青促会 -
012023-09学术沙龙（9月5日）
报告题目：植硅体应用新突破：溯源人和动物食谱
报告人：吴妍 青年研究员
报告人单位：中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所
报告时间：2023年9月5日（周二） 下午2:30
报告地点：图书馆三楼报告厅
主办：国家重点实验室、科技处、人教处、综合处、青促会
报告人简介：
吴妍，中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所青年研究员，博士生导师。以植硅体分析为依托，探索人与古动物的食物结构以及早期农业活动和古环境变化。目前已在Nature Communications、National Science Review、Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences、Journal of Archaeological Science、中国科学、人类学学报等国内外期刊发表研究论文50余篇，研究成果为央视新闻、新华社、人民网、中新社、科技日报和AAAS等国内外媒体报道。曾主持国家自然科学基金青年基金1 项、面上项目2项、国家社科基金重大项目子课题1项。作为团队骨干成员，参与国家重点研发计划，获得北京市科学技术奖1次，入选中国科学院青年创新促进会，现任中国科学技术史学会科技考古专业委员会副秘书长。 -
282023-08学术沙龙（8月30日）
报告题目：Earth History Visualization: Time and Paleogeography
报告人：James Ogg教授
报告人单位：美国普渡大学/成都理工大学
报告时间：2023年8月30日（周三） 下午2:30
报告地点：图书馆三楼报告厅
主办：国家重点实验室、科技处、人教处、综合处、青促会
报告人简介：
Research Interests
Marine Stratigraphy, Paleoceanography, Paleomagnetism, Sedimentology
Main specializations:
Geological time scale calibration and Web-accessible visualization and databases for Earth history
Magnetostratigraphy and climate cycle stratigraphy
Jurassic and Cretaceous paleoceanography and paleoclimate.
Current research programs (June, 2021):
Completed main 2020 project: BOOK: Geologic TimeScale 2020 (Gradstein, Ogg, Ogg and Schmitz; published Nov 2020 by Elsevier – see Publications below); which follows four previous compilations -- Geologic Time Scale 2004 (Gradstein, Ogg and Smith; Cambridge Univ. Presss); Concise Geologic Time Scale 2008 (Ogg, Ogg and Gradstein; Cambridge Uni. Press); and Geologic TimeScale 2012 (Gradstein, Ogg, Schmitz and Ogg (coordinators), Elsevier Publ.), and A Concise Geologic Time Scale 2016 (Ogg, Ogg and Gradstein; Elsevier Publ.)
Concise Geologic Time Scale 2024; and TimeScale Creator cloud-based databases
This will be a publication by James Ogg and Gabi Ogg as contracted by Cambridge Univ. Press (ca. 250 pages, 13 chapters; for submission in mid-2023 with accompanying databases). It will be in coordination with subcommissions of the International Commission on Stratigraphy and other period-level geochronology experts. It is intended that the supporting databases will be part of the DDE system.
East Asia paleogeography: invited co-coodinator (China-USA-Australia team) of 5-year synthesis program hosted by Chengdu University of Technology.
Current cloud-database websites:
(1) ChinaLEX (All plates of China; currently has all Devon-Carbon-Perm formations of China subdivided by provinces; and partial Devonian demo-user interface): http://chinalex.geolex.org
(2) IndpLEX (Indian plate Lexicon of geologic formations; currently has all major basins, onshore and offshore for India-Pakistan; but not yet graphic interface or Nepal-Myanmar): http://indplex.geolex.org
(3) ThaiLEX (Thailand Lexicon of geologic formations; subdivided into microplates; to be populated by Wen Du in through 2021): http://thailex.geolex.org
(4) VietLEX (Vietnam Lexicon of geologic formations; subdivided into microplates; to be populated by Jim Ogg in late 2021): http://vietlex.geolex.org
TimeScale Creator database and visualization system (joint product of Purdue engineering and geoscience student teams, Geologic TimeScale Foundation, and International Commission on Stratigraphy)
Global databases of basin stratigraphy (joint projects with different geological surveys and stratigraphy commissions, including China, Australia, Germany, Canada, India, Argentina, etc.), and of Paleogeography of China (in conjunction with China institutions and Chris Scotese)
Astronomical tuning of the Mesozoic Era
High-resolution correlation of Boreal and Tethyan faunal and land-marine realms during Triassic and Jurassic using integrated magnetostratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy, and cycle-stratigraphy
Super-greenhouse conditions and elevated ocean acidity resulting from “super-plume” large igneous provinces (e.g., the Ontong-Java Plateau of mid-Cretaceous; Wrangellia LIP of mid-Triassic; Siberian Traps of end-Permian) -
142023-08学术沙龙（8月22日）
报告题目：埃迪卡拉纪硫酸根叁氧同位素证实5.7亿年前的海洋氧化事件
报告人：王海洋 博士
报告人单位：成都理工大学
报告时间：2023年8月22日 下午3点
报告地点：图书馆三楼报告厅
主办：国家重点实验室、科技处、人教处
报告人简介：王海洋，地球化学博士，成都理工大学硕导。主要从事早期地球表生系统环境的氧化还原状态、演化及其与生命协同关系的研究，在Nature Communications、Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta等期刊累计发表论文17篇(第一作者论文6篇)，担任PR、Biogeosciences、PPP、MPG等期刊审稿人，主持(过)国家自然科学基金和中国博士后科学基金各1项。
报告简介：地球历史上最大的一次碳酸盐岩碳同位素组成的负偏Shuram事件的成因问题，一直备受学界关注。一方观点认为该事件与海洋氧化程度上升导致的溶解有机碳氧化有关，代表一次表生系统碳循环的巨大波动，另有学者则表示这可能是成岩作用的结果。通过对埃迪卡拉纪地层进行硫酸根硫氧同位素研究，发现三个古板块上Shuram期间的硫酸根均显示出明显的17O负异常(大气氧的独有信号)，同时17O信号与δ34S、δ18O及δ13Ccarb之间存在着良好的耦合关系，这一发现为Shuram事件的原生成因提供确凿证据。通过进一步的定量模拟，作者提出是大气氧气在Shuram期间氧化海洋中缺氧且富硫化氢和溶解有机碳的深部水体，产生大量具有17O负异常的硫酸盐，并最终导致Shuram事件的发生，并证实5.7亿年前大气氧气参与的全球海洋氧化事件的发生。
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062023-07学术沙龙（7月11-12日）
讲座题目：
7月11日 周二 上午9:30
1：实验古生物学的时代已经来临，从《马丁.盖尔归来》说起
2：大幅面不规则化石表面化学元素扫描仪和水岩交换机（沉积环境模拟器）的研制目的、策略及其功能介绍
3：Paleopond（地表环境模拟器）和Abyssource（深水环境模拟器）的研制目的、策略及其功能介绍
7月12日 周三 上午9:30
4：科学研究导向的新设备研制：策略与途径
5a：实验化学地层学简介
5b：古生物学实验模拟研究的目的和范式
报告人：王伟 研究员
报告地点：图书馆三楼报告厅
主办：科技处、国家重点实验室、人教处
报告简介：
实验古生物学是指以实验模拟方法，研究古生物地层学的一种手段。重点在用实验方法探索事情的过程，而不仅仅是根据地层记录来反推可能经历的故事。
历史不能重复，但理论和假说需要（并越来越“可以”）验证。
我们经常说快速埋藏有利于软躯体保存为化石，但快速的定义是X天、Y月，还是Z年？覆盖了多少叫快？
我们常说沉积环境缺氧会怎样怎样。但缺氧的定义是水中溶解氧低于1-2mg/L的低氧（hypoxia）部分水生生物的生存极限，还是0.00mg/L(anoxia)? 0.00mg/L存在吗？
400年前的物理学是描述性科学，250年前的化学是描述性科学，150年前的生物学是描述性科学……
人文科学的历史学已经在实验模拟方向进行着尝试。我们是不是也需要行动。
行动需要方法论和工具的支持。
我们有了一些工具，我们更需要有人来设计和制造古生物学研究的专门和特需工具。
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262023-06学术沙龙（6月28日）
报告题目：使用汞同位素追踪维管植物登陆与扩张
报告人：刘牧 副研究员
报告人单位：中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所
报告时间：6月28日（周三）下午 3:30
报告地点：图书馆三楼报告厅
主办：国家重点实验室、科技处、人教处
报告人简介：
刘牧，理学博士，副研究员，硕士研究生导师。主要从事沉积学与沉积地球化学研究，重点关注古代地球重大生物事件环境控制机制与资源效应。主持或参与国家级课题3项，以第一作者或通讯作者在Science Advances, Earth and Planetary Science Letters等学术期刊发表学术论文十余篇。
报告简介：
植物在陆地上的出现和扩张是地球上生命演化历史上的里程碑式事件，对全球物质循环以及气候演化具有深刻影响。探究陆生植物的起源并追踪它们扩张和演化的关键性时间节点，是地球历史宜居性演变过程中一直备受关注的科学问题。研究通过在华南地区古生界沉积岩的汞同位素地球化学的记录，证明了维管植物在志留纪早期（约444 Ma）已经在陆地广泛分布并深刻影响地球表生环境。 -
172023-05学术沙龙（6月12日）
报告题目：Getting salty: Salinity analysis in paleoenvironmental studies
报告人：Professor Thomas J. Algeo
报告人单位：University of Cincinnati, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan
报告时间：6月12日（周一）下午3：00
报告地点：图书馆三楼报告厅
主办：国重沉积盆地研究中心、科技处、人教处
报告人简介：
Thomas Algeo completed his Ph.D. at the University of Michigan in 1989 and worked in the oil patch for several years before joining the faculty of the University of Cincinnati in 1991. He has specialized in the development of elemental proxies for paleoenvironmental analysis, laying the foundation for the modern approach to reconstruction of redox, salinity, and productivity conditions in paleoenvironmental systems. He has studied all of the Big Five mass extinctions and is the author of a leading theory for the Late Devonian extinctions, linking them to the evolution of vascular land plants.
报告简介：
Salinity has been one of the most challenging features of paleodepositional systems to reconstruct. Recent work by Prof. Algeo and his colleagues has demonstrated the robustness of multiple elemental proxies for estimation of watermass salinity in ancient shale/mudstone formations. This talk will review recent work in reconstruction of salinity in epicratonic and continental-margin aqueous systems from Mesozoic to Paleoproterozoic in age, with examples drawn from many regions including the Nanhua Basin of South China. Some of the important findings of this work are that (1) around half of the dozens of epicratonic shale formations examined to date were deposited under brackish or (more rarely) freshwater conditions, rather than fully marine conditions as previously assumed; (2) salinity variation generally correlates strongly with variation in redox and productivity conditions; and (3) the expression in cratonic systems of many geologic events (e.g., the Toarcian OAE) was influenced by salinity fluctuations.
Figure: Reconstruction of watermass structure in the Cryogenian Nanhua Basin of South China, based on multiproxy data including the B/Ga salinity proxy. Note low-salinity surface layer and marine deep layer. Source: Cheng et al. (2021; ESR).
参考文献：
Meng Cheng, Zihu Zhang, Thomas J. Algeo, Shuliang Liu, Xiaodan Liu, Haiyang Wang, Biao Chang, Chengsheng Jin, Wen Pan, Mengchun Cao, Chao Li,Hydrological controls on marine chemistry in the Cryogenian Nanhua Basin (South China),Earth-Science Reviews,Volume 218,2021,103678, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103678. -
152023-05学术沙龙（5月16日）
报告题目：Proxy-Based Palaeoclimatology and Holocene Climate Changes from a Saudi Arabia Record
报告人：杨晚
报告人单位：密苏里科技大学
报告时间：5月16日（星期二）上午9：30
报告地点：图书馆三楼报告厅
主办：国家重点实验室、科技处、青促会、人教处
报告人简介：
杨晚，男，密苏里科技大学地质科学与工程学院教授，博士生导师，主要从事沉积学、旋回地层学、层序地层学和古气候学和石油地质学等方面的研究，曾担任菲利普斯石油公司的勘探地质工程师，德克萨斯大学经济地质局研究员，威奇塔州立大学地质系副教授和主任。主持包括美国自然科学基金在内的科研项目20余项，发表学术论文160余篇。
报告简介：
The stratigraphic architecture of Upper Holocene sediments along the coast of Al Qahmah in southern Red Sea, Saudi Arabia, provides a high-resolution analog of marginal marine carbonate and siliciclastic sedimentation under variable climatic, tectonic, and sea-level conditions. The sediments include a basal shallow marine limestone and overlying beach, deltaic, fluvial, eolian, and sabkha siliciclastic deposits, comprising four stratigraphic units ranging from 10s to 100 s cm thick. A lithostratigraphy is established using subsurface stratigraphic and petrographic data from 64 trenches and three shallow refraction seismic sections. A chronostratigraphy is established using four age points and sedimentation rates. The entire interval has been deposited in the last ~4000 years. Significant stratigraphic variability is reflected by vertical and lateral changes in the thickness, type, and stratal geometry of the four units. Five major geological events are interpreted: Initial shallow marine carbonate deposition during a relative sea-level highstand was terminated by seaward progradation of deltaic-beach sediments during a slow shoreline regression. This is followed by a major stream channel incision during the maximum regression and a relative sea-level fall. The ensuing fluvial channel filling, transgressive ravinement, and deposition of beach sediments signify a relative sea-level rise. Finally, eolian, sabkha, and beach sediments have been deposited in a stabilized and diversified environmental setting under an arid climate. The lacuna associated with stream erosion and transgressive ravinement is up to ~400 years long, resulting in a stratigraphic completeness of ~88%. The sedimentation rate of the siliciclastic sediments is ~0.1 cm/year estimated at a scale of 1000s of years. Episodic syn-depositional faulting in the source area and depositional site, relative seal-level change, autogenic environmental shift, and/or climatic changes between humid and arid conditions have collectively played variable roles in the formation of the stratigraphic variability. The interpreted tectonic, relative sea-level, and climatic trends offer an important data point for future studies in the Red Sea region and beyond for the Late Holocene. -
042023-05学术沙龙（5月10日）
报告题目：扫描电镜及双束技术在材料研究中的应用
报告人：曾毅
报告人单位：中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所
报告时间：5月10日（星期三）下午2：30
报告地点：南京古生物所图书馆三楼报告厅
主办：国家重点实验室、科技处、青促处、人教处
报告人简介：
曾毅，男，研究员，博士生导师，中科院上海硅酸盐所测试中心主任，工信部先进无机材料科学与工程产业技术基础公共服务平台主任，上海市无机材料分析测试与表征专业技术平台主任。主要从事扫描电镜相关研究。近年来作为负责人先后主持了国家重点研发计划课题、863计划、科技部国际合作项目、中科院重点部署项目、中科院仪器研制重点项目、上海市科技支撑计划等多项国家和地方科研项目。相关成果获得2017年度上海市科技进步三等奖，2018年度中国标准化创新贡献三等奖。以第一作者或通讯作者身份发表SCI论文100余篇，出版材料显微结构表征技术学术专著2部。
担任上海市显微学学会副理事长、中国电子显微镜学会扫描电镜专业委员会副主任委员、全国涂层检测与表征标准化分技术委员会秘书长、全国纳米标准化委员会委员、全国微束标准化委员会委员。
报告简介：
扫描电镜是一种在材料研究中广泛使用的表征手段，报告将介绍扫描电镜在YSZ涂层材料研究中的应用。采用离位显微结构分析方法对涂层同一位置的裂纹扩展情况、同一晶粒的取向变化进行表征，提出了裂纹在不同晶粒处扩展程度不同的机理，并对涂层在服役过程中四方-单斜相变变体的确定和相变机理研究提供了直接科学依据。
双束显微镜是材料三维EBSD的最佳表征手段，如何在提高EBSD采集效率的同时避免荷电效应引起的图像漂移仍然是非导电陶瓷材料三维EBSD表征的难题之一。以YSZ涂层为研究对象，采用Duane-Hunt极限法和Ga离子注入的方法在实验和机理上进行了尝试，获得了YSZ涂层的高分辨率三维EBSD图像。 -
102023-04学术沙龙（4月12日）
报告题目：From abiotic self-organization to life detection issues… passing by early evolution
报告人：Dr. Joti Rouillard
报告人单位：中国科学技术大学
时间：4月12日（周三） 上午10：00
地点：图书馆三楼报告厅
主办：国家重点实验室、科技处、人教处、青促会
报告人及报告介绍：
Dr Joti Rouillard
A researcher in astrobiology and geobiology at USTC, and my current research interests includes 1) life detection protocols and 2) early life evolution, from a naturalist and modelling perspective.
Keywords: self-organization, astrobiology, early evolution
Abstract:
In this presentation, I will introduce different studies my colleagues and I conducted in the fields of astrobiology and early life.
Finding life on other planets constitutes a major challenge for humanity. However, numerous controversies arising during the search for the oldest life traces on Earth have put under light the difficulty to distinguish true microfossils from different types of abiotic objects. I will first give more details on one such type of abiotic object: self-organized mineral aggregates with shapes reminiscent of life, and named silica-carbonate biomorphs.
The intriguing shapes produced by this simple chemical system may be linked with cross-catalysis phenomena between two precipitation reactions. This hints at the possibility of creating similar self-organized precipitates in other chemical systems. Using a numerical model inspired by cellular automata, I will show how, provided simple conditions are fulfilled, all cross-catalytic coprecipitating systems can be expected to produce a wide variety of complex textures.
The common occurrence of abiotic systems looking like life means that it is important to elaborate rigorous, quantitative protocols for recognizing life on other planets. Current protocols for biogenicity assessments have several limitations, and machine learning may bias search towards Earth-like life. I will discuss two alternative approaches that may answer these issues and show promising results.
At the earliest stages of life history on Earth, the emergence of evolutionary processes is considered critical for life to progress towards the diversity and complexity it exhibits today. However, environment where life has appeared were probably unstable, with temperature, pH and redox conditions changing during time. If a population evolves to be more efficient under certain environmental conditions, it may be detrimental to long-term population survival because the environment changes over time. I will present a numerical model in which it is assessed under which conditions an evolving population of protocells could coexist or outcompete a non-evolving population. -
042023-04学术沙龙（4月4日）
报告题目：植物考古概述
报告人：赵志军 研究员
报告人单位：中国社会科学院考古研究所
时间：4月4日（周二） 下午2：30
地点：南京古生物所图书馆三楼报告厅
主办：国家重点实验室、新生代室、科技处、人教处
报告人简介：
赵志军，中国社会科学院考古研究所研究员、中国社会科学院大学和南京农业大学兼职教授、中国考古学会常务理事、动植物考古国家文物局重点科研基地主任。1982年毕业于北京大学考古系，1996年在美国密苏里大学获人类学博士学位，1997-1998年在美国史密森尼学会(Smithsonian Institution)做博士后。1999年回国到中国社会科学院考古研究所工作。曾先后获得并主持美国国家自然科学基金、中国国家自然科学基金、中国社会科学院重大研究项目、国家文物局指南针计划专项、国家社科基金重大项目子课题等数十项科研项目。迄今为止在国内外学术刊物上发表过学术论文百余篇，并著有《植物考古学~理论、方法和实践》一书。 -
132023-03学术沙龙（3月20日）
报告人及报告题目：王寅炤，甲烷代谢古菌的起源和演化研究
张 宇，深海高压环境的微生物代谢研究
报告人单位：上海交通大学
报告时间：3月20日（周一） 上午9:30
报告地点：图书馆三楼报告厅
主办：国家重点实验室、科技处、青促会、人教处 -
222023-02学术沙龙（2月24日）Lebanon is worldly famous in paleontology for its well-known Lower Cretaceous amber outcrops and its mid-Cretaceous outcrops of fossil fish Konservat-Lagerst？tten. Recently some very important outcrops of various Cretaceous fossils (fish, plants, insects, dinosaurs, etc.) were discovered in many areas in this country. All the Cretaceous formations of Lebanon as well as their palaeobiodiversity are given and the reconstruction of their corresponding palaeoenvironment and palaeobiota are presented.
报告题目：Cretaceous formations in Lebanon: Biodiversity and reconstruction of palaeobiota（黎巴嫩白垩系地层：生物多样性与古生物群重建）
报告人：Dany Azar
报告人单位：Lebanese University
时间：2月24日（周五） 上午10:00
地点：图书馆三楼报告厅
主办：国家重点实验室、科技处、青促会、人教处
报告简介：
Lebanon is worldly famous in paleontology for its well-known Lower Cretaceous amber outcrops and its mid-Cretaceous outcrops of fossil fish Konservat-Lagerst？tten. Recently some very important outcrops of various Cretaceous fossils (fish, plants, insects, dinosaurs, etc.) were discovered in many areas in this country. All the Cretaceous formations of Lebanon as well as their palaeobiodiversity are given and the reconstruction of their corresponding palaeoenvironment and palaeobiota are presented.