学术讲座
  • 06
    2023-07
    学术沙龙(7月11-12日)

      讲座题目:
      7月11日 周二 上午9:30
      1:实验古生物学的时代已经来临,从《马丁.盖尔归来》说起
      2:大幅面不规则化石表面化学元素扫描仪和水岩交换机(沉积环境模拟器)的研制目的、策略及其功能介绍
      3:Paleopond(地表环境模拟器)和Abyssource(深水环境模拟器)的研制目的、策略及其功能介绍
      7月12日 周三 上午9:30
      4:科学研究导向的新设备研制:策略与途径
      5a:实验化学地层学简介
      5b:古生物学实验模拟研究的目的和范式
       
      报告人:王伟 研究员
      报告地点:图书馆三楼报告厅
      主办:科技处、国家重点实验室、人教处
       
      报告简介:
      实验古生物学是指以实验模拟方法,研究古生物地层学的一种手段。重点在用实验方法探索事情的过程,而不仅仅是根据地层记录来反推可能经历的故事。
      历史不能重复,但理论和假说需要(并越来越“可以”)验证。
      我们经常说快速埋藏有利于软躯体保存为化石,但快速的定义是X天、Y月,还是Z年?覆盖了多少叫快?
      我们常说沉积环境缺氧会怎样怎样。但缺氧的定义是水中溶解氧低于1-2mg/L的低氧(hypoxia)部分水生生物的生存极限,还是0.00mg/L(anoxia)? 0.00mg/L存在吗?
      400年前的物理学是描述性科学,250年前的化学是描述性科学,150年前的生物学是描述性科学……
      人文科学的历史学已经在实验模拟方向进行着尝试。我们是不是也需要行动。
      行动需要方法论和工具的支持。
      我们有了一些工具,我们更需要有人来设计和制造古生物学研究的专门和特需工具。
      
  • 26
    2023-06
    学术沙龙(6月28日)

      报告题目:使用汞同位素追踪维管植物登陆与扩张
      报告人:刘牧 副研究员
      报告人单位:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所
      报告时间:6月28日(周三)下午 3:30
      报告地点:图书馆三楼报告厅
      主办:国家重点实验室、科技处、人教处
      报告人简介:
      刘牧,理学博士,副研究员,硕士研究生导师。主要从事沉积学与沉积地球化学研究,重点关注古代地球重大生物事件环境控制机制与资源效应。主持或参与国家级课题3项,以第一作者或通讯作者在Science Advances, Earth and Planetary Science Letters等学术期刊发表学术论文十余篇。
      报告简介:
      植物在陆地上的出现和扩张是地球上生命演化历史上的里程碑式事件,对全球物质循环以及气候演化具有深刻影响。探究陆生植物的起源并追踪它们扩张和演化的关键性时间节点,是地球历史宜居性演变过程中一直备受关注的科学问题。研究通过在华南地区古生界沉积岩的汞同位素地球化学的记录,证明了维管植物在志留纪早期(约444 Ma)已经在陆地广泛分布并深刻影响地球表生环境。
  • 17
    2023-05
    学术沙龙(6月12日)

      报告题目:Getting salty: Salinity analysis in paleoenvironmental studies
      报告人:Professor Thomas J. Algeo
      报告人单位:University of Cincinnati, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan
      报告时间:6月12日(周一)下午3:00
      报告地点:图书馆三楼报告厅
      主办:国重沉积盆地研究中心、科技处、人教处
      报告人简介:
      Thomas Algeo completed his Ph.D. at the University of Michigan in 1989 and worked in the oil patch for several years before joining the faculty of the University of Cincinnati in 1991. He has specialized in the development of elemental proxies for paleoenvironmental analysis, laying the foundation for the modern approach to reconstruction of redox, salinity, and productivity conditions in paleoenvironmental systems. He has studied all of the Big Five mass extinctions and is the author of a leading theory for the Late Devonian extinctions, linking them to the evolution of vascular land plants.
      报告简介: 
      Salinity has been one of the most challenging features of paleodepositional systems to reconstruct. Recent work by Prof. Algeo and his colleagues has demonstrated the robustness of multiple elemental proxies for estimation of watermass salinity in ancient shale/mudstone formations. This talk will review recent work in reconstruction of salinity in epicratonic and continental-margin aqueous systems from Mesozoic to Paleoproterozoic in age, with examples drawn from many regions including the Nanhua Basin of South China. Some of the important findings of this work are that (1) around half of the dozens of epicratonic shale formations examined to date were deposited under brackish or (more rarely) freshwater conditions, rather than fully marine conditions as previously assumed; (2) salinity variation generally correlates strongly with variation in redox and productivity conditions; and (3) the expression in cratonic systems of many geologic events (e.g., the Toarcian OAE) was influenced by salinity fluctuations.
      Figure: Reconstruction of watermass structure in the Cryogenian Nanhua Basin of South China, based on multiproxy data including the B/Ga salinity proxy. Note low-salinity surface layer and marine deep layer. Source: Cheng et al. (2021; ESR).
       
      参考文献:
      Meng Cheng, Zihu Zhang, Thomas J. Algeo, Shuliang Liu, Xiaodan Liu, Haiyang Wang, Biao Chang, Chengsheng Jin, Wen Pan, Mengchun Cao, Chao Li,Hydrological controls on marine chemistry in the Cryogenian Nanhua Basin (South China),Earth-Science Reviews,Volume 218,2021,103678, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103678.
  • 15
    2023-05
    学术沙龙(5月16日)

      报告题目:Proxy-Based Palaeoclimatology and Holocene Climate Changes from a Saudi Arabia Record
      报告人:杨晚
      报告人单位:密苏里科技大学
      报告时间:5月16日(星期二)上午9:30
      报告地点:图书馆三楼报告厅
      主办:国家重点实验室、科技处、青促会、人教处
       
      报告人简介:
      杨晚,男,密苏里科技大学地质科学与工程学院教授,博士生导师,主要从事沉积学、旋回地层学、层序地层学和古气候学和石油地质学等方面的研究,曾担任菲利普斯石油公司的勘探地质工程师,德克萨斯大学经济地质局研究员,威奇塔州立大学地质系副教授和主任。主持包括美国自然科学基金在内的科研项目20余项,发表学术论文160余篇。
       
      报告简介:
      The stratigraphic architecture of Upper Holocene sediments along the coast of Al Qahmah in southern Red Sea, Saudi Arabia, provides a high-resolution analog of marginal marine carbonate and siliciclastic sedimentation under variable climatic, tectonic, and sea-level conditions. The sediments include a basal shallow marine limestone and overlying beach, deltaic, fluvial, eolian, and sabkha siliciclastic deposits, comprising four stratigraphic units ranging from 10s to 100 s cm thick. A lithostratigraphy is established using subsurface stratigraphic and petrographic data from 64 trenches and three shallow refraction seismic sections. A chronostratigraphy is established using four age points and sedimentation rates. The entire interval has been deposited in the last ~4000 years. Significant stratigraphic variability is reflected by vertical and lateral changes in the thickness, type, and stratal geometry of the four units. Five major geological events are interpreted: Initial shallow marine carbonate deposition during a relative sea-level highstand was terminated by seaward progradation of deltaic-beach sediments during a slow shoreline regression. This is followed by a major stream channel incision during the maximum regression and a relative sea-level fall. The ensuing fluvial channel filling, transgressive ravinement, and deposition of beach sediments signify a relative sea-level rise. Finally, eolian, sabkha, and beach sediments have been deposited in a stabilized and diversified environmental setting under an arid climate. The lacuna associated with stream erosion and transgressive ravinement is up to ~400 years long, resulting in a stratigraphic completeness of ~88%. The sedimentation rate of the siliciclastic sediments is ~0.1 cm/year estimated at a scale of 1000s of years. Episodic syn-depositional faulting in the source area and depositional site, relative seal-level change, autogenic environmental shift, and/or climatic changes between humid and arid conditions have collectively played variable roles in the formation of the stratigraphic variability. The interpreted tectonic, relative sea-level, and climatic trends offer an important data point for future studies in the Red Sea region and beyond for the Late Holocene.
  • 04
    2023-05
    学术沙龙(5月10日)

      报告题目:扫描电镜及双束技术在材料研究中的应用
      报告人:曾毅
      报告人单位:中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所
      报告时间:5月10日(星期三)下午2:30
      报告地点:南京古生物所图书馆三楼报告厅
      主办:国家重点实验室、科技处、青促处、人教处
       
      报告人简介:
       曾毅,男,研究员,博士生导师,中科院上海硅酸盐所测试中心主任,工信部先进无机材料科学与工程产业技术基础公共服务平台主任,上海市无机材料分析测试与表征专业技术平台主任。主要从事扫描电镜相关研究。近年来作为负责人先后主持了国家重点研发计划课题、863计划、科技部国际合作项目、中科院重点部署项目、中科院仪器研制重点项目、上海市科技支撑计划等多项国家和地方科研项目。相关成果获得2017年度上海市科技进步三等奖,2018年度中国标准化创新贡献三等奖。以第一作者或通讯作者身份发表SCI论文100余篇,出版材料显微结构表征技术学术专著2部。
      担任上海市显微学学会副理事长、中国电子显微镜学会扫描电镜专业委员会副主任委员、全国涂层检测与表征标准化分技术委员会秘书长、全国纳米标准化委员会委员、全国微束标准化委员会委员。
      报告简介:
      扫描电镜是一种在材料研究中广泛使用的表征手段,报告将介绍扫描电镜在YSZ涂层材料研究中的应用。采用离位显微结构分析方法对涂层同一位置的裂纹扩展情况、同一晶粒的取向变化进行表征,提出了裂纹在不同晶粒处扩展程度不同的机理,并对涂层在服役过程中四方-单斜相变变体的确定和相变机理研究提供了直接科学依据。
      双束显微镜是材料三维EBSD的最佳表征手段,如何在提高EBSD采集效率的同时避免荷电效应引起的图像漂移仍然是非导电陶瓷材料三维EBSD表征的难题之一。以YSZ涂层为研究对象,采用Duane-Hunt极限法和Ga离子注入的方法在实验和机理上进行了尝试,获得了YSZ涂层的高分辨率三维EBSD图像。
  • 10
    2023-04
    学术沙龙(4月12日)

      报告题目:From abiotic self-organization to life detection issues… passing by early evolution
      报告人:Dr. Joti Rouillard
      报告人单位:中国科学技术大学
      时间:4月12日(周三) 上午10:00
      地点:图书馆三楼报告厅
      主办:国家重点实验室、科技处、人教处、青促会
       
      报告人及报告介绍:
      Dr Joti Rouillard
      A researcher in astrobiology and geobiology at USTC, and my current research interests includes 1) life detection protocols and 2) early life evolution, from a naturalist and modelling perspective.
      Keywords: self-organization, astrobiology, early evolution
      Abstract:
      In this presentation, I will introduce different studies my colleagues and I conducted in the fields of astrobiology and early life.
      Finding life on other planets constitutes a major challenge for humanity. However, numerous controversies arising during the search for the oldest life traces on Earth have put under light the difficulty to distinguish true microfossils from different types of abiotic objects. I will first give more details on one such type of abiotic object: self-organized mineral aggregates with shapes reminiscent of life, and named silica-carbonate biomorphs.
      The intriguing shapes produced by this simple chemical system may be linked with cross-catalysis phenomena between two precipitation reactions. This hints at the possibility of creating similar self-organized precipitates in other chemical systems. Using a numerical model inspired by cellular automata, I will show how, provided simple conditions are fulfilled, all cross-catalytic coprecipitating systems can be expected to produce a wide variety of complex textures.
      The common occurrence of abiotic systems looking like life means that it is important to elaborate rigorous, quantitative protocols for recognizing life on other planets. Current protocols for biogenicity assessments have several limitations, and machine learning may bias search towards Earth-like life. I will discuss two alternative approaches that may answer these issues and show promising results.
      At the earliest stages of life history on Earth, the emergence of evolutionary processes is considered critical for life to progress towards the diversity and complexity it exhibits today. However, environment where life has appeared were probably unstable, with temperature, pH and redox conditions changing during time. If a population evolves to be more efficient under certain environmental conditions, it may be detrimental to long-term population survival because the environment changes over time. I will present a numerical model in which it is assessed under which conditions an evolving population of protocells could coexist or outcompete a non-evolving population.
  • 04
    2023-04
    学术沙龙(4月4日)

      报告题目:植物考古概述
      报告人:赵志军 研究员
      报告人单位:中国社会科学院考古研究所
      时间:4月4日(周二) 下午2:30
      地点:南京古生物所图书馆三楼报告厅
      主办:国家重点实验室、新生代室、科技处、人教处
       
      报告人简介:
      赵志军,中国社会科学院考古研究所研究员、中国社会科学院大学和南京农业大学兼职教授、中国考古学会常务理事、动植物考古国家文物局重点科研基地主任。1982年毕业于北京大学考古系,1996年在美国密苏里大学获人类学博士学位,1997-1998年在美国史密森尼学会(Smithsonian Institution)做博士后。1999年回国到中国社会科学院考古研究所工作。曾先后获得并主持美国国家自然科学基金、中国国家自然科学基金、中国社会科学院重大研究项目、国家文物局指南针计划专项、国家社科基金重大项目子课题等数十项科研项目。迄今为止在国内外学术刊物上发表过学术论文百余篇,并著有《植物考古学~理论、方法和实践》一书。
  • 13
    2023-03
    学术沙龙(3月20日)

      报告人及报告题目:王寅炤,甲烷代谢古菌的起源和演化研究
      张 宇,深海高压环境的微生物代谢研究
      报告人单位:上海交通大学
      报告时间:3月20日(周一) 上午9:30
      报告地点:图书馆三楼报告厅
      主办:国家重点实验室、科技处、青促会、人教处
  • 22
    2023-02
    学术沙龙(2月24日)
    Lebanon is worldly famous in paleontology for its well-known Lower Cretaceous amber outcrops and its mid-Cretaceous outcrops of fossil fish Konservat-Lagerst?tten. Recently some very important outcrops of various Cretaceous fossils (fish, plants, insects, dinosaurs, etc.) were discovered in many areas in this country. All the Cretaceous formations of Lebanon as well as their palaeobiodiversity are given and the reconstruction of their corresponding palaeoenvironment and palaeobiota are presented.
      报告题目:Cretaceous formations in Lebanon: Biodiversity and reconstruction of palaeobiota(黎巴嫩白垩系地层:生物多样性与古生物群重建)
      报告人:Dany Azar
      报告人单位:Lebanese University
      时间:2月24日(周五) 上午10:00
      地点:图书馆三楼报告厅
      主办:国家重点实验室、科技处、青促会、人教处
      报告简介:
      Lebanon is worldly famous in paleontology for its well-known Lower Cretaceous amber outcrops and its mid-Cretaceous outcrops of fossil fish Konservat-Lagerst?tten. Recently some very important outcrops of various Cretaceous fossils (fish, plants, insects, dinosaurs, etc.) were discovered in many areas in this country. All the Cretaceous formations of Lebanon as well as their palaeobiodiversity are given and the reconstruction of their corresponding palaeoenvironment and palaeobiota are presented.
  • 16
    2023-01
    学术沙龙(1月18日)

      报告题目:
      南京古生物所科研经费管理条例(修订)宣讲
      2023年度国家基金委指南宣讲会
      报告部门:科技处
      报告时间:1月18日(周三) 上午9:30
      报告地点:图书馆三楼报告厅;腾讯会议:369 270 382
      主办:科技处、国家重点实验室、人教处、青促会
  • 10
    2023-01
    学术沙龙(1月13日)

      报告题目:Timing of India-Asia collision: A view from Western Himalayan Syntaxis
      报告人:Prof. Muhammad Qasim
      报告人单位:Department of Earth Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
      时间:1月13日(周五) 上午10:00
      地点:图书馆三楼报告厅;腾讯会议:300 257 078
      主办:国家重点实验室、科技处、人教处、青促会
  • 07
    2022-12
    学术沙龙(12月9日)

      报告题目:Silurian Bryozoa – twist of fate in the Palaeozoic
      报告人:Andrej Ernst
      报告人单位:University of Hamburg, Germany
      时间:12月9日(周五) 下午16:30
      腾讯会议:683-881-669
      主办:国家重点实验室、科技处、青促会、人教处
       
      报告简介:
      The phylum Bryozoa comprises aquatic colonial animals known from the early Cambrian until today. The main group of bryozoans during Palaeozoic, Palaeostomata, is represented by more than 600 genera, mainly distributed between the early Ordovician and late Triassic. After their fast diversification in the Ordovician, palaeostomates declined strongly in the Hirnantian. Total bryozoan diversity remained low during the Silurian although quite abundant local faunas are known worldwide. In the succeeding Devonian time palaeostomates experienced several waves of diversification which resulted in a significant increase of bryozoan diversity. 
      The reasons for the depressed bryozoan diversity in the Silurian are not completely understood. Detailed taxonomic analysis shows that during the Silurian some shifts in the composition of bryozoans communities occurred. These changes determined the Devonian diversification of bryozoans. Ecological factors like depressed reef growth could have influenced the bryozoan diversity. Furthermore, sampling bias in the study of Silurian bryozoans appears significant. The majority of bryozoan species in the Silurian reveal small sizes and are apparently often neglected in the field. The ongoing project aims the study of bryozoan faunas in the lower Silurian of South China, in order to search for possible explanations of the sluggish diversification of bryozoans in the Silurian. 
  • 24
    2022-11
    学术沙龙(11月30日)

      报告题目:The use of Li isotopes in marine carbonates to trace carbon cycle in deep time
      报告人:曹程
      报告人单位:南京大学
      时间:11月30日(周三) 上午10:00
      报告地点:图书馆三楼报告厅
      主办:国家重点实验室、科技处、人教处、青促会
       
      报告人简介:曹程,2015年毕业于中国科学技术大学,获地球化学学士学位,2020年获北卡罗莱纳大学教堂山分校博士学位,2021年获国际博士后引进计划资助在南京大学地球科学与工程学院开始博士后研究工作。主要关注的是地球气候变化与海洋生物化学循环之间的相互作用,聚焦于二叠纪-三叠纪等地质历史时期,以及现代表生环境的元素循环过程。主要的研究手段包括碳酸盐岩中的主微量元素,Li同位素等。具体的研究内容包括创建古碳酸岩淋滤方法,应用氧化还原元素,如铈异常,研究古海洋的缺氧事件;以及应用Sr、Li同位素,研究碳循环和生物地球化学循环。
      报告简介:海相碳酸盐可以用来重建古海水的Li同位素变化,进而反演影响海水Li同位素组成的关键过程,包括大陆风化作用,海洋反风化作用。报告将围绕原理、方法,以及以二叠纪-三叠纪时期为例介绍Li同位素对关键气候事件的指示意义。
  • 21
    2022-11
    学术沙龙(11月25日)

      报告题目:Climate, Fossil Preservation, and True Polar wander in China: Evidence from the Junggar Basin and the North China Block
      报告人:Paul Olsen
      报告人单位:美国哥伦比亚大学
      时间:11月25日(周五) 上午10:00
      报告地点:图书馆三楼报告厅 腾讯会议 383 932 863
      主办:国家重点实验室、科技处、人教处、青促会
       
      报告人简介:
      Paul Eric Olsen,美国哥伦比亚大学教授、美国科学院院士。Paul Olsen教授长期从事中生代陆地生态系统演化研究,特别是在三叠纪末陆地生物灭绝方面取得一系列重要成果。此外,作为首席科学家领导的美国东部纽瓦克盆地钻探计划和西部科罗拉多高原国际大陆钻探计划,获得了目前世界上最连续的晚三叠世至早侏罗世陆相地层岩心,依托这些岩心建立的磁性地层–天文旋回地层年代标尺几乎成为同时代地层对比的黄金标尺。迄今,在Science、PNAS等杂志发表文章200余篇。2015年获得托马斯·杰斐逊自然科学杰出贡献奖。
  • 03
    2022-11
    学术沙龙(11月8日)

      报告题目:三万年来印太暖池热演化与南大洋的耦合
      报告人:俞宙菲
      时间:11月8日(周二)上午10:00
      报告地点:图书馆三楼报告厅
      主办:科技处、国家重点实验室、微体室、人教处
       
      报告简介:
      末次冰消期是距今最近的一个全球大升温期,对其升温机制的研究有助于更好地理解和预测未来的全球变暖。本报告将简单介绍一项最近对东印度洋和太平洋3万年以来海水温度记录的集成工作,研究揭示了末次冰消期印太暖池的热演化过程及其与南大洋的热耦合在全球升温中发挥的重要作用。