在中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所建所七十周年之际，国际权威学术期刊《古植物与古孢粉学评论》（Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology）本月出版了二叠纪“植物庞贝”研究专辑《Wuda Tuff Flora: A Permian peat-forming T0 fossil plant assemblage from Wuda Coalfield, Inner Mongolia》，恭贺南京古生物所70华诞（Dedicated to the 70th Anniversary of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS）。封面化石植物——华夏植物群代表瓢叶目联合齿叶Tingia unita。
二叠纪“植物庞贝”研究专辑封面（封面照片：华夏植物群的特有属种Tingia unita）
整体植物复原照片，有节类Palaeostachya guanglongii
距今约3亿年前，中国内蒙古乌达煤田生长着一片生机盎然的沼泽森林。因一场意外的火山活动，这片森林被火山灰沉降作用定格在原地，这种保存方式与意大利“庞贝古城”颇为相似，故名“植物庞贝”。这一发现于2012年由中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所王军研究员发表在《美国科学院院报》（PNAS），引起了中外学者的广泛关注，被誉为晚古生代陆地生态系统中一座重要的化石森林宝库。
二十余年来，南京地质古生物所的科研人员对内蒙古乌达煤田“植物庞贝”化石森林进行持续不断发掘和探索，不仅获得了详尽的野外样方数据，更积累了大量的植物化石标本。基于原地埋藏的保存状况以及有机连生的标本积累，“植物庞贝”森林群落的物种构成逐步明朗。很多以往仅靠印痕形态鉴定识别的化石属种，随着繁殖器官和解剖结构的完善，都可以整体复原为自然种。与此同时，研究团队还对该植物群落的地质构造、形成时代、埋藏过程、物种构成及生态链条等多项背景信息进行全方位地研究。通过本专辑1篇前言及15篇研究论文，阶段性展示“植物庞贝”的最新研究进展。主要包括：
1）对“植物庞贝”的发现、挖掘和研究历程进行了回顾，并对煤田中6、7号层煤四个植物群的埋藏、演替过程作详细的复原（Wang J. et al., 2021a, preface）；2）对火山灰中的锆石进行高精度的CA-ID-TIMS U/Pb定年，结果显示“植物庞贝”的绝对年龄值在298.34±0.09 Ma，非常接近石炭二叠纪的界限（Schmitz et al., 2021）；3）对“植物庞贝”局部约80 m2的区域进行群落复原，通过该文章系统介绍项目组野外样方调查和群落生态分析的方法（Oplu？til et al., 2021）；4）对“植物庞贝”群落多个类群的物种进行了细致、深入的系统分类研究，这其中包括石松类（D'Antonio et al., 2021）、有节类（Libertín et al., 2021; Liu et al., 2021）、种子蕨类（Zhou et al., 2021a）、前裸子植物瓢叶类（Wang J. et al., 2021b；Bek and Wang, 2021）、真蕨类（Wang S.J. et al., 2021; Wan et al., 2021; He et al., 2021; P？eni？ka et al., 2021; Voto？ková-Frojdová et al., 2021; Zhou et al., 2021b），植物生长型涉及乔木、草本及攀爬等多种类型；5）系统检查“植物庞贝”的化石标本，在有节、真蕨、瓢叶和苏铁等多个植物类群中共发现有八种类型的昆虫取食痕迹，揭示了森林群落中丰富的动-植物相互作用关系（Feng et al., 2021）。
在良好的化石保存条件下，本专辑论文充分利用了当代古生物学实验技术手段，发挥了团队分工协作的共赢优势，体现了对“植物庞贝”多视角多领域的高质量研究价值。“植物庞贝”未来更进一步的研究必将推动我们对于晚古生代多个植物类群早期起源、分类和演化的认识。更重要的是，它直接展示了二叠纪森林陆地生态系统的群落面貌以及复杂程度。
本专辑由王军研究员主导的由中国、美国、德国、英国、捷克等国内外学者组成的“植物庞贝”研究团队完成，相关研究得到了中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（B类），国家自然科学基金以及现代古生物学与地层学国家重点实验室的联合资助。
专辑相关信息：Jun Wang, Hermann W. Pfefferkorn, Stanislav Oplu？til, Hans Kerp，eds., 2021. Wuda Tuff Flora: A Permian peat-forming T0 fossil plant assemblage from Wuda Coalfield, Inner Mongolia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology.
（https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/review-of-palaeobotany-and-palynology/vol/294/suppl/C）
论文目录：
Wang, J., Pfefferkorn, H. W., Oplu？til, S., Kerp H., 2021. Permian “vegetational Pompeii”: A peat-forming in situ preserved forest from the Wuda Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China – Introduction to a volume of detailed studies. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 294, 104502.
Schmitz, M. D., Pfefferkorn, H. W., Shen, S. Z., Wang, J., 2021. A volcanic tuff near the Carboniferous–Permian boundary, Taiyuan Formation, North China: Radioisotopic dating and global correlation. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 294, 104244.
Oplu？til, S., Wang, J., Pfefferkorn, H. W., P？eni？ka, J., Bek, J., Libertín, M., Wan, M. L., He, X. Z., Yan, M. X., Wei, H. B., Voto？ková Frojdová, J., 2021. T0 Early Permian coal-forest preserved in situ in volcanic ash bed in the Wuda Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 294, 104347.
D'Antonio, M. P. B., Boyce; C. K., Wang, J., 2021. Two new species of Sigillaria Brongniart from the Wuda Tuff (Asselian: Inner Mongolia, China) and their implications for lepidodendrid life history reconstruction. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 294, 104203.
Liu, L., P？eni？ka, J., Bek, J., Wan, M. L., Pfefferkorn, H. W., Wang, J., 2021. A whole calamitacean plant Palaeostachya guanglongii from the Asselian (Permian) Taiyuan Formation in the Wuda Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 294, 104245.
Libertín M., Bek J., Wang J., Oplu？til S., P？eni？ka J., Frojdová J.V., 2021. New data about three sphenophylls and their spores from the volcanic tuff of Wuda, Taiyuan Formation, earliest Permian, China. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 294, 104484.
Wang, J., Wan, S., Kerp, H., Bek, J., Wang, S. J., 2021. A whole noeggerathialean plant Tingia unita Wang from the earliest Permian peat-forming flora, Wuda Coalfield, Inner Mongolia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 294, 104204.
Bek, J., Wang, J., 2021. A comparative study on in situ spores of some Paleozoic noeggerathialeans and their implications for dispersed spore assemblages. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 294, 104379.
Wan, M. L., Sun, W. J., Bek, J., Liu, F., Hill, C., Wang, J., 2021. Scolecopteris minuta sp. nov., a marattialean fern from the early Permian Wuda Tuff Flora of Inner Mongolia, China. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 294, 104246.
P？eni？ka, J., Wang, J., Bek, J., Pfefferkorn, H. W., Oplu？til, S., Zhou, W., Libertín, M., 2021. A zygopterid fern with fertile and vegetative parts in anatomical and compression preservation from the earliest Permian of Inner Mongolia, China. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 294, 104382.
Wang, S. J., Wang, J., Liu, L., Hilton, J., 2021. Stem diversity of the marattialean tree fern family Psaroniaceae from the earliest Permian Wuda Tuff Flora. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 294, 104378.
He, X. Z., Zhou, W. M., Li, D. D., Wang, S. J., Hilton, J., Wang, J., 2021. A 298-million-year-old gleicheniaceous fern from China. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 294, 104355.
Voto？ková-Frojdová J., Wang J., P？eni？ka J., Bek J., Oplu？til, S., Libertín M., 2021. A new leptosporangiate fern Oligosporangiopteris zhongxiangii gen. and sp. nov. from the lowermost Permian of Inner Mongolia, China – morphology, anatomy and reproductive organs. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 294, 104479.
Zhou, W. M., P？eni？ka, J., Bek, J., Wan, M. L., Boyce, C. K., Wang, J., 2021. A new anachoropterid fern from the Asselian (Cisuralian) Wuda Tuff Flora. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 294, 104346.
Zhou, W. M., Wan, S., Wan, M. L., Hilton, J., P？eni？ka, J., Wang, J., 2021. Yangopteris ascendens (Halle) gen. et comb. nov., a climbing alethopterid pteridosperm from the Asselian (earliest Permian) Wuda Tuff Flora. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 294, 104282.
Feng, Z., Wang, J., Zhou, W. M., Wan, M. L., P？eni？ka, J., 2021. Plant–insect interactions in the early Permian Wuda Tuff Flora, North China. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 294, 104269.
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